Postpartum depression: symptoms, causes and how to seek help

What is postpartum depression?

Postpartum depression is a type of depression that occurs after giving birth. Unlike the “baby blues”, a milder and shorter form of sadness that some women experience after their baby is born, postpartum depression is more serious and longer lasting. It can begin at any point within the first year after the baby’s birth, but it most commonly appears within the first few weeks.

Differences between the baby blues and postpartum depression

The baby blues usually begin a few days after giving birth and can last up to two weeks. Symptoms include mood swings, sadness, irritability and difficulty sleeping. These symptoms are mild and generally go away without medical treatment.

Postpartum depression, on the other hand, is more intense and longer lasting. Its symptoms can interfere with a mother’s ability to look after herself and her baby, and it may require professional treatment.

Symptoms of postpartum depression

Postpartum depression can show itself in different ways, and the symptoms can vary in severity. Some of the most common symptoms include:

Feelings of extreme sadness or emptiness: Feeling constantly sad, hopeless or empty.
Loss of interest in activities: A lack of interest in activities that used to be enjoyable, including caring for the baby.
Changes in appetite: Eating more or less than usual, which can lead to significant changes in weight.
Sleep problems: Insomnia or, on the contrary, sleeping too much.
Fatigue and lack of energy: Feeling constantly tired and drained of energy, even after resting.
Difficulty bonding with the baby: Feeling disconnected from the baby or having trouble forming an emotional bond.
Intense anxiety: Overwhelming feelings of worry, fear or panic, especially about the baby’s wellbeing.
Irritability or anger: Feeling irritable or angry for no apparent reason.
Feelings of guilt or worthlessness: Feeling that you are not a good mother or that you are failing to care for your baby.
Thoughts of self-harm or suicide: Recurring thoughts of harming yourself or the baby.

If a mother experiences several of these symptoms for more than two weeks, it is essential to seek professional help.

Causes of postpartum depression

There is no single cause of postpartum depression; it is the result of a combination of physical, emotional and social factors.

Hormonal changes

After giving birth, the levels of hormones such as oestrogen and progesterone drop rapidly, which can contribute to postpartum depression. In addition, the hormones produced by the thyroid gland can also fall sharply, which can lead to feelings of fatigue, sadness and depression.

Lack of sleep and exhaustion

Caring for a newborn can be exhausting and can significantly affect a mother’s sleep patterns. Lack of sleep can make feelings of sadness and anxiety worse, increasing the risk of postpartum depression.

The transition to motherhood is a major life change, and some mothers may feel overwhelmed by the responsibility of caring for a newborn. In addition, a lack of support from a partner, family or friends can increase the risk of postpartum depression. Factors such as financial stress, relationship problems and a lack of time for yourself can also contribute to postpartum depression.

History of depression or anxiety

Women with a personal or family history of depression or anxiety are at greater risk of developing postpartum depression. Having had postpartum depression before also increases the chances of it recurring in later pregnancies.

How to seek help for postpartum depression

Recognising that you need help is a brave and crucial step towards overcoming postpartum depression. Fortunately, there are many treatment and support options available for mothers who are struggling with this condition.

See a health professional

The first step is to talk to a health professional, such as a GP, an obstetrician or a psychologist. They can assess the symptoms, rule out other conditions and draw up a suitable treatment plan. This plan may include therapy, antidepressant medication or a combination of both.

Psychological therapy

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) are types of therapy that have been shown to be effective in treating postpartum depression. CBT helps to change negative thought patterns and develop coping skills, while IPT focuses on improving interpersonal relationships and the problems related to the transition to motherhood.

Support groups

Taking part in a support group for mothers with postpartum depression can be extremely helpful. These groups offer a safe space to share experiences, learn from other mothers who have been through the same thing and receive emotional support.

Support from family and friends

Talking to your partner, family or close friends about what you are going through can be an important source of emotional support. Don’t be afraid to ask for help with looking after the baby, with the housework or simply for some time for yourself.

Looking after yourself

It is essential that mothers with postpartum depression also look after themselves. This includes getting enough rest, eating healthily, exercising regularly and finding time for activities they enjoy. Even small things, such as going for a walk or reading a book, can make a big difference to emotional wellbeing.

Conclusion

Postpartum depression is a serious condition that can affect many mothers after the birth of their baby. It is important to recognise the symptoms and seek help straight away. With the right support and treatment, mothers can overcome postpartum depression and fully enjoy motherhood. If you think you may be suffering from postpartum depression, or you know someone who might be, don’t hesitate to seek professional help.

If you are going through a difficult time and need support, book an appointment here with Arantxa Pisón. We are here to help you improve your emotional wellbeing.